Endometrial cancer is a malignant disease of the lining of the uterus (endometrium). It occurs most commonly after menopause and often presents early with unusual vaginal bleeding. As a result, the disease can frequently be diagnosed at an early stage.

Any vaginal bleeding after menopause should always be evaluated by a gynecologist.

Symptoms & Diagnosis

Possible signs that require further evaluation include:

• vaginal bleeding after menopause
• unusual or irregular bleeding-
• heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• abnormal findings of the endometrium on ultrasound

Evaluation begins with a gynecological examination and transvaginal ultrasound. Confirmation of the diagnosis requires histological examination of endometrial tissue, for example through hysteroscopy with targeted tissue sampling.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, further investigations may be performed as appropriate to accurately assess the disease and plan treatment.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is a central part of treatment for localized endometrial cancer. It generally involves removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Depending on the tumor type and stage of disease, assessment of the lymph nodes may also be required.

Whenever oncologically appropriate, surgery may be performed using minimally invasive or robot-assisted techniques.

As a specialist in gynecological oncology and a certified da Vinci® surgeon, Dr. Arsenakis has particular expertise in the surgical treatment of gynecological malignancies using modern minimally invasive techniques.

Oncological Treatment Planning

Further treatment is determined by several factors, including the stage of disease, tumor type, and the histological and molecular characteristics of the tumor.

Complex oncological cases can be discussed during the weekly Onco-Meeting at IASO in Athens within a specialist gynecological oncology team.

Depending on the findings, additional treatment after surgery may be required, such as radiotherapy or systemic medical oncology treatment.

In endometrial cancer, accurate diagnosis, stage-appropriate treatment, and oncologically safe surgery are essential.